In which organisms does alcoholic fermentation occur?

Alcoholic fermentation is a specific metabolic process primarily carried out by yeasts and certain bacteria. This type of fermentation converts sugars, such as glucose, into ethanol and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen, making it an anaerobic process. Yeasts are well-known for this ability, particularly in the production of alcoholic beverages and bread. Some bacteria also perform alcoholic fermentation, contributing to various fermentation processes in food production and waste management.

While plants can participate in fermentation, they typically rely on aerobic respiration when sufficient oxygen is present. In the case of animal cells, they primarily utilize lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions, rather than producing alcohol. Fungi encompass a broader category that includes yeasts, but not all fungi engage in alcoholic fermentation. Therefore, the most accurate answer highlights the specific groups—yeasts and certain bacteria—that perform this process effectively.