What is cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration is defined as the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. This biochemical process is essential for producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy carrier in cells. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in a series of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen plays a critical role in this process, particularly in the electron transport chain, where it acts as the final electron acceptor, allowing for efficient ATP production.

The byproducts of this process, carbon dioxide and water, are released into the environment, highlighting the interconnectedness of cellular respiration and environmental cycles. This process is crucial in sustaining cellular functions, enabling growth, repair, and maintenance of all living organisms.