What is gluconeogenesis?

Gluconeogenesis is defined as a metabolic pathway that converts non-carbohydrate precursors into glucose. This process primarily occurs in the liver and, to a lesser degree, in the kidneys. It allows the body to maintain glucose levels during periods of fasting, low carbohydrate intake, or intense exercise when the supply from dietary sources is insufficient.

The precursors for gluconeogenesis can include lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids. This pathway is crucial for providing glucose to tissues, particularly the brain and red blood cells, which rely heavily on glucose as a primary energy source. The generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources serves to ensure there is a constant supply of energy, thus helping to regulate blood sugar levels.