What molecule is produced as a byproduct of fermentation?

During fermentation, a variety of byproducts can be produced depending on the type of fermentation process taking place. In alcoholic fermentation, which is carried out by yeast, the primary byproducts are carbon dioxide and ethanol. In lactic acid fermentation, common in muscle cells during anaerobic respiration, lactic acid is produced. Therefore, since fermentation can lead to the production of both carbon dioxide (in alcoholic fermentation) and lactic acid (in lactic acid fermentation), the correct answer includes both of these molecules as byproducts.

Recognizing the context of fermentation is important to understand that it can occur through different pathways, leading to multiple byproducts. This dual production highlights the versatility of fermentation in various biological systems, underscoring its role in energy production under anaerobic conditions.