Which enzyme facilitates the conversion of ADP to ATP during chemiosmosis?

The enzyme that facilitates the conversion of ADP to ATP during chemiosmosis is ATP synthase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. During cellular respiration, protons (H+ ions) are pumped across the membrane, creating a concentration gradient. As these protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, the energy released is harnessed to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP.

ATP synthase essentially functions like a turbine, and this movement is what drives the synthesis of ATP. This makes it a key player in the process of converting energy stored in food into usable energy in the form of ATP, which is vital for numerous biochemical processes in the cell. Other options listed do not have this specific role in the ATP synthesis process during chemiosmosis, as they serve different functions in cellular metabolism.